Attack Fall of the Twin Towers - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1565 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: 9/11 Essay Did you like this example?   9/11 is a tragic day that will forever live in infamy, just like Pearl Harbor Introduction   As the new century began, most people were filled with hope that it was a dawn to a new beginning. But little did they know that the future would not only give them good, but also bloodshed. On September 11, 2001, it was a normal work day at the World Trade Center, filled with about 3000 people who were dutifully doing their job. Suddenly they felt a rumble in the distance and thought it was an earthquake. But before they could figure out was going on, two planes hijacked by terrorists, which were filled with about 100 innocent people, crashed into either side of the building and caused it to collapse, demolishing the once 110-story twin towers and ending about 2,700 innocent lives. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Attack Fall of the Twin Towers" essay for you Create order Background   There is always a twisted reason in warped minds for these types of terror attacks. The Al-Qaeda organization, the terrorists behind the 9/11 attack, were led by an evil man named Osama Bin Laden. However, Bin Laden, unlike any other terrorist whose motive was to kill to spread religion, wanted to have revenge against America. He had wrongly made up his mind that during the Persian Gulf War (1990-91), the Americans decided to launch a war that collaterally killed Iraqi children and massacre fleeing Iraqi soldiers from Kuwait for the purposes of installing a hedonistic and cruel Kuwaiti dictatorship. He sought to avenge the Gulf War casualties, without realizing that the war was started by the unprovoked Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and the wanton killings of thousands of innocent Kuwaiti civilians by Iraqi troops. He also demanded that American peacekeeping soldiers leave Saudi Arabia after the Gulf War or face the consequences. Bin Laden used religious texts to exhort his supporters to attack Americans until his stated grievances are reversed. How the Attacks were Planned and Executed The idea for the 9/11 attacks came from his sidekick Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who first presented it to Osama bin Laden. They funded and sent some of their followers to take flying lessons in California, Arizona, Minnesota and Florida. They also trained in using weapons and learned to speak English, to blend in while living in American society. They divided themselves in terror cells of 4 to 5 individuals called â€Å"sleeper cells†. They bought plane tickets on four large commercial airplanes with long flights because they would be heavily fueled. Early on the morning of September 11, 2001, 19 of Bin Laden’s followers became hijackers and took control of four commercial airliners. The four flights that were hijacked mid-flight, along with hundreds of innocent passengers and flight crew-members on board, were: American Airlines Flight 11: a Boeing 767 aircraft from Boston to Los Angeles. United Airlines Flight 175: a Boeing 767 aircraft from Boston to Los Angeles. American Airlines Flight 77: a Boeing 757 aircraft, from Washington DC to Los Angeles. United Airlines Flight 93: a Boeing 757 aircraft, from Newark to San Francisco. In all four cases, the hijackers attacked the unsuspecting flight crew members and forcibly took control of the cockpits by using violence and weapons they had smuggled on board. Their targets were the most prominent and strategic buildings that underlined America’s financial strength and military muscle. The terrorists flew the first three planes into New York City’s World Trade Center’s North Tower and South Towers, and the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia (near Washington DC). In the case of the fourth aircraft, as heroic passengers and crew fought back and attempted to subdue the hijackers, the hijackers intentionally crashed the aircraft into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. It is believed that their intended target was either the Capitol Building or the White House in Washington DC. Human Casualties and Concomitant Tragedy In New York, the World Trade Center’s North Tower, South Tower and a smaller building (â€Å"7 WTC†) collapsed after a few hours, due to fire-induced structural failure, killing or trapping thousands of innocent people who worked in offices in these buildings. The large amount of fuel in these airplanes accelerated the destruction of these historically remarkable buildings. As a result of the attacks on these Twin Towers on 9/11, a total of 2,763 people died including 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, 71 law enforcement officers and 147 passengers and crew on the airplanes. The Pentagon’s west side sustained significant damage with 184 casualties, including the passengers, flight crew along with the military personnel and civilians inside the building. In the case of the fourth aircraft, all the 40 passengers and flight crew members died in the crash in the field, but the heroism of the passengers saved the lives of many hundreds of potential victims who worked in the intended targets (the Capitol Building or the White House). To summarize, the 9/11 terror attacks killed 2,996 innocent people, injured over 6,000 victims, and resulted in at least $10 billion in infrastructure damage in America’s two most significant cities – Washington DC and New York. Such a large, coordinated series of terror attacks had never ever been carried out on American soil, since Pearl Harbor. Television channels replayed the horrific visuals of the airplanes hitting the Twin Towers and Pentagon, and the subsequent collapse of the burning towers. The only silver lining was that at least 12,000 people were able to escape from the burning Twin Towers during the next 102 minutes after the terror attack, unlike the 2763 people who perished at Ground Zero. Hundreds, if not thousands, of shocked eyewitnesses and survivors in New York and Washington DC have described the horror of watching the airplanes smash into the buildings and the flames, heat, smoke, dust and debris that rained down on them. Panic stricken office employees ran down many hundreds of steps at the Twin Towers amid blinding smoke and heat, while being helped by brave firefighters before the buildings collapsed. Others who were trapped in the upper floors of the Twin towers plunged to their deaths from windows while attempting to escape the blazing inferno. Many books, articles and interviews provide significant insight into the tragic history of 9/11 and contain vivid eyewitness accounts of survival from firefighters, economists, lawyers, hotel guests, hotel employees and business travelers. Firsthand accounts of survival, tragedy, and heroism drawn from hundreds of interviews underlined incredible stories of bravery, courage and overcoming unbelievable odds. Other books described the pain and trauma of the victims’ shell-shocked families, especially orphaned children, who were forced to journey through shock, pain, birth, and rebirth in the aftermath of a great tragedy. Even the 9/11 survivors and their families tried to cope with this unexpected tragedy, while being tossed into a storm of bureaucracy, politics, patriotism, mourning, consolation, health issues, suffering and parenthood. Aftermath of 9/11 The post 9/11 resilience of American society is showing positive results. The World Trade Center is being rebuilt at the same site in New York city. The damaged western section of the Pentagon was rebuilt and occupied within a year of the attacks. There is remarkable alertness about terrorism among the people who see heightened security at airports, important buildings, bridges, malls and other crowded places. But the personal losses of their loved ones and financial losses to the US economy may never be recouped. As a result of the 9/11 terror attacks, many countries were shaken out of their complacence and governments across the world have passed legislation to combat terrorism. Many memorials and vigils were held across the world for the 9/11 victims. Many countries became allies of the United States and showed solidarity with the 9/11 victims. The global community has joined the war on terror. Several top Al Qaeda terrorists, including Osama bin Laden, have been neutralized. The Taliban regime in Afghanistan and the Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein were overthrown by US and NATO troops. The world is becoming more alert to terrorism than ever before, and many countries are cooperating with each other to foil terror attacks before they are committed. Thousands of terrorists have been killed or arrested worldwide, in the nearly two decades after 9/11. On the other hand, newer terrorist groups have emerged to take the place of Al Qaeda.   Many countries, especially in the Middle East, have unfortunately slipped into chaos and civil war due to widespread sectarian terrorism. After 9/11, there have been thousands of terror attacks, big and small, on civilians and security personnel in nearly 100 countries across the globe. New bands of terrorists have brutally targeted innocent people at shopping malls, airports, streets, trains, buses, schools, colleges and places of worship in six continents. Other terror attacks have been thwarted by alert authorities with the help of people. As law enforcement and intelligence personnel grapple with this boom in cross-continental terrorist networks, the terrorist groups are radicalizing impressionable youth by using the internet and YouTube for recruitment and religious brainwashing.   This has led to an increasingly voluble debate, be it in the media, politics and in society, about the root causes of terrorism and how to tackle this problem. Lessons to learn from 9/11 The twenty-first century has lessons to learn from the 9/11 tragedy and the subsequent triumph of humanity.   If the world succumbs to this growing cancer of terrorism, then all the civilizational gains made by humanity over several millennia may be lost forever and we may end up in a veritable stone age. But if humanity pulls the world back from the brink and discovers the panacea to everlasting peace, then a catastrophe like 9/11 will never occur again in our lifetimes, which will make the world a safer place for our future generations.

Argumentative Essay About Racism - 1758 Words

â€Å"There is nothing wrong with a little casual racism.† One of my friends recently commented this phrase to me, in a joking manner, but it struck me. Is just a little casual racism fine? I am one to err on the side of, â€Å"All things in moderation† but is it truly not a problem? In our society, today we see racism in our soup. In many ways, I feel as if the word communist has been switched with the word racist. No longer do we call each other a communist if they are stingy or different, we just stoop to the words racist or xenophobe. In the essay, written by Roxanne Gay, called, Surviving Django, Gay makes claims that she was offended by the racially insensitive, supercharged, ego driven film, created by Quentin Tarantino. She proceeds to†¦show more content†¦The reason for this phenomenon is migration and immigration. This often times leads to conflict between the natives of the land and the foreigners. Just like the first settlers, from England, to North America experienced by the Native Americans, conflict breaks out and indentured servitude or slavery is often found in these scenarios. Tarantino films, generally can be described in three parts. The first part typically involves a group of friends, or characters with a similar goal, beginning together in a sense of unison. Reservoir Dogs begins at breakfast and allows the audience to see the human side of these, cold, bank robbers. The second part of the film typically is the most audacious part of the film. A grand claim is made, and typically involves several characters, that the audience has fell in love with to be killed off rather quickly. In Inglorious Basterds, Sergeant Hugo Stigglitz is portrayed as a â€Å"bad to the bone, kill and ask questions later† character. He is killed in a glorious shootout. in an underground pub, after it is revealed that â€Å"The Basterds† are charged with the duty to kill Adolf Hitler. This push and pull, with the hearts of the audience, is classic Tarantino. This style of setting up the conclusion of the piece is often seen in Quentin Tarantino’s films. In Django Unchained, Tarantino sets up an emotional death, by stirring up the audience through racial tension of the times. InShow MoreRelatedI Am The Product Of Clark County Educational System Essay1503 Words   |  7 Pageshow to write essays correctly. I am the product of Clark County Educational system. I have always struggled through my last classes and hoped to get out of my struggles this semester. One the greatest challenges that I faced was the distinction that existed among different types of writings that are performed within the English language. 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For what ever reason, Martin has been an inspiration to many African Americans. He accomplished his success mostly through speeches, but also through his written essays. Although, his speeches were intense and filled withRead MoreThe Magnificent Style Of Writing By. B. Dubois1382 Words   |  6 PagesSouls of Black Folk is an instant classic when it is read, and it was a very important part of literature for black civil rights. The text talks about how blacks were treated in Post-Civil War America, what education they needed, how blacks were not yet Americans, short stories, and Negro Spirituals. The actual text is a collection of thirteen essays, and a short story written by Dubois. The book also contains Negro Spirituals to tell the reader the history of the enslaved people. The first threeRead MorePsychology Research Paper744 Words   |  3 Pagesrequired for psychology freshmen or sophomores to take. In this course, students have to pass it with a C or better in order to proceed into the other courses. What this course does is, prepare students to be effective writers when it comes to writing about their careers. At the end of the course, students should become more mature in their understanding and use of language, they should develop a skillful writing process, and should know how to demonstrate ways to organized their writi ng and keep theRead MoreRacism And Discrimination : America s Justice System1301 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative essay Racism and discrimination are being used as powerful weapons of encouraging fear or hatred towards others in times of conflict and war, and even during economic downturns. Racism is the belief that characteristics and abilities can be attributed to people simply on the basis of their race and that some racial groups are greater than others. When we are children, we are taught not to try a book by its cover, but for most of us this is easier said than done. Although, racism andRead MorePolice Brutality1399 Words   |  6 PagesComposition 1 Argumentative Research Essay Final Draft. Police Brutality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Police work is dangerous. Sometimes police put in situations that excessive force is needed. But, because some officers use these extreme measures in situations when it is not, police brutality occurs. I believe Police brutality needs to be addressed, because it affects every one of us within our society. How can we trust the Police officers who sworn to â€Å"serve the public† when they use such excessive force that results

Leadership within a Global Context

Question: How your health care administration leadership philosophy may contribute to these strategies for multicultural leadership challenges. Answer: Globalization has turned the healthcare sector to a small village. Presently, the medical field is not confined to particular borders. Practitioners and patients can access services in any part of the continent. This results in interactions between individuals from varying cultures, which subsequently causes multicultural issues and problems. Therefore, as health care administrator, one must be aware of the existence of such problems and adopt an appropriate approach to multicultural leadership. There are challenges associated with multicultural leadership, but this paper looks at two of such test. Communication is a major problem in multicultural leadership. Setting a general communication approach which will suit individuals from varying cultural backgrounds is very tricky. Secondly, making the employees cooperate in a culturally diverse environment can be challenging. This is evident in national locally based institutions where the majority might be reluctant to accept the incorpo ration of other cultures. Solving multicultural challenges in the health sector require a collective approach involving the employees and their leaders. According to Soo (2012), as globalization progressive makes the world stronger, multicultural leaders need to tackle emerging problems skillfully. This is where multicultural competency plays a vital role. To address the communication problem, setting up a standard mode or language of communication can salvage the situation. The leaders should select a communication criteria which is welcomed by all workers. For the second problem, offering training to the employees can solve the problem. This training should enlighten the workers on the importance of having a diverse labor force. Multicultural competencies influence my decision-making abilities. This is because, when making healthcare guidelines or decision, I will design them in a way that they address the needs of different cultures and background. Conclusively, it is vital for healthcare institution to em brace multicultural approach in their services. References Soo, J. (2012). Multicultural Leadership Starts from Within. Havard Bussiness Review.

Local Economic Development Incentives in the US

Description of the Issue Local economic development incentives constitute essential aspects of urban development economic policies. Such incentives are meant to enhance the development of cities that are considered underdeveloped. The enticements assume different forms. However, the common ones are the policies for providing tax incentives together with improvement of infrastructure (Anderson and Wassmer ‘Bidding for Business 82).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Local Economic Development Incentives in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Government provides enticements for financial development in different ranks starting from home and state echelons to countrywide ranks. Fundamentally, economic incentives refer to the cash and or near-cash aid that is provided by local, state, and/or national government to boost or attract various businesses to operate within a given jurisdiction (Greenbaum 75). T he key goal of offering local financial enticements is to foster progress within certain targeted areas. In return, this strategy helps in employment creation in the underdeveloped cities while also encouraging infrastructural growth to take place in stagnant cities. In the long-term, the plan also generates revenues to states and local governments. Amid these benefits, the issue of whether local economic incentives, which are aimed at fostering urban development in the US, qualify as a cost-effective mechanism of inducing economic growth in the underdeveloped urban areas is relevant to public policy developers. Importance of the Issue The effectiveness of local economic development is an important issue facing many metropolitan areas in the US. For instance, ensuring distribution of various businesses within all metropolitan areas and/or retaining economic activities without negating the attraction of new business is of paramount importance to both suburbs and cities in the US (Rub in and Rubin 38). The significance of these concerns is akin to the relationships between unemployment, flourishing of crime, deterioration of metropolitan areas infrastructure, and economic development. Success stories in retention and fostering of growth of the existing businesses within metropolitan areas together with attraction of new economic activities provide solutions to some of these challenges, such as a reduction of crime rates by providing employment (Anderson and Wassmer ‘Local development incentives’ 109). Consequently, cost-effectiveness of local economic development incentives that are offered to metropolitan areas such as Detroit is crucial in speeding the process of improving the livelihoods and security amongst metropolitan urban populations.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Background of the Issue The challenges of inducing development i n metropolitan cities in the US date back to 1936 when Mississippi became the first state to develop policies for encouraging industrial development by private stakeholders. Such public policies were sanctioned by the state that deployed industrial development bonds to achieve this endeavor. Since then, many states and local governments deploy economic incentives such as â€Å"IBDs, tax exemptions, TIFAs, enterprise zones (EZ), general obligation bonds, and local manufacturing revenue bonds among others† (Bradshaw and Blakely 235). The issue is whether these incentives are cost-effective in achieving their desired outcomes. The above issue has attracted criticism and support from different economic scholars. For instance, Peters and Fisher claim that such incentives need to be scrapped since subsidization of new investments has the implication of attracting immigrants who take up jobs, thus leaving the local residents unemployed. In contrast, Wassmer and Anderson hold that ev en though this case may occur, local residents are absorbed in the new jobs. The Nature of the Problem presented by the Issue Although the local governments are given the freedom to offer local economic development incentives, the problem of cost-effectiveness of the local financial growth incentives is important to the states and even the national government. Indeed, the problems that such enticements are meant to solve, for instance, unemployment and poverty, are major interests for national government. State governments have the mandate to oversee resolution of such problems within states on behalf of the national government. Future Trends Relative to the Issue The concern for inducing urban development through local economic policies remains significant currently and even in the future. For instance, the Toowoomba Regional Council is currently offering discounts on infrastructure charges to induce industrial development in local townships. This goal is accomplished through †Å"temporary economic development for district township incentive policy and temporary urban consolidation incentive policy† (Toowoomba Regional Council Para.2). Although these incentives are crucial, issue of whether they qualify as cost-effective mechanisms of inducing a reduction of poverty levels by boosting employment levels within the local metropolitan areas remains important in the development and implementation of the two policies. Current Policies/Practices taken to address the Issue Incentives for enhancing investments in cities that are considered underdeveloped are central to the local economic development policies in the US since the 1970s. Urban regions have disputes of disproportionate allocation of different financial tasks, thus creating â€Å"labor market issue of a spatial mismatch between low-skilled employees residing in central cities and inner suburbs and the potential employers who are located increasingly further in urban areas† (Anderson and Wa ssmer ‘Local development incentives’ 14).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Local Economic Development Incentives in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the effort to resolve this problem, policymakers embark on development of incentives that will make people change their business location decisions. Such incentives include tax pardon, setting up zones and authorities for developments, TIFAs, and IDBs (industrial development bonds), among others (Greenbaum 77). While the main goal of the policies is reducing business capital costs for a particular jurisdiction that is targeted by the local economic development incentives, employment opportunity comprises an accruing benefit that is anticipated from local government expenditure on such incentives. Desired Policies/Practices to address the Issue Desired policies need to produce positive effects in terms of resolving the challenges encountere d by dwellers of metropolitan cities that were traditionally perceived as underdeveloped. The main challenge is whether the benefits arising from investments in local economic development incentives, for instance, the magnitude of employment generated, measure up to the cost of the incentives. In fact, states grant their local governments the freedom to issue incentives for economic development. The move implies foregoing revenues that are derived from local taxes in exchange with higher employment and business capital (Greenbaum 78). The cost of local economic development incentives is only effective when local development incentives facilitate the redirection of employment and other benefits to urban areas where such employment levels and benefits are impossible to achieve without incentives. Any policy that does not achieve this concern is undesired and/or fails to justify any forgone revenue by local governments. In fact, it is undesired for an incentive to make communities dish out their revenue to business recipients without a corresponding gain (Peters and Fisher 36). This claim suggests that where such an approach encompasses the methodology deployed by communities to express their competitive advantage in terms of generation of employment together with capital as it may apply to metropolitan areas, communities need to interrogate whether such a policy amounts to a beneficial public strategy.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cost of Financing the desired Policies The desired policies discussed above do not advocate for alteration of the current approaches for enhancing local development within the metropolitan area in the US. Rather, the concern is on whether the current policies achieve the chief purpose for developing local economic development policies: rejuvenating employment opportunities and enhancing the availability of capital. Therefore, achieving the desired policy requires evaluation and monitoring of incentives that are offered by local governments in terms of the level of achievement of the intended outcomes. This process involves no additional costs apart from the cost for hiring personnel to monitor and/or control the implementation of the current policies. Recommendations Local economic development incentives are important in enhancing the development of local urban areas that are traditionally considered underdeveloped. Such incentives are achieved at the expense of the local community revenues. Thus, cost-benefit analysis of decisions on mechanisms of funding the incentives need to produce more benefits in comparison with the cost of the incentives to be justified in terms of achieving their anticipated outcomes. It is recommended that local governments need to conduct a cost-benefit analysis before issuance of local economic development incentives to ensure investment of local communities’ revenues in ways that foster economic development corresponding to the accrued costs. Conclusion Local economic development incentives enhance the development in urban areas that have high rates of unemployment. This goal is achieved by using the incentives to attract and retain business in the effort to boost employment levels. The general concession is that increment of employment reduces poverty levels, hence raising the overall wellbeing of communities. This justifies funding local economic development incentives in the US using local government revenues generated f rom communities. A prevalent issue surrounding investments of local government revenues in local economic development incentives is whether they are the most cost-effective mechanisms of inducing the development of metropolitan. In a bid to offer a response to this query, cost-benefit analysis for the investments of local government revenue in local economic development incentives is important. Summary National administration, states’ governments, and local governments in the US provide development incentives for metropolitan cities in varying levels, although with a similar purpose. Incentives are meant to foster economic development in urban areas that have low employment levels and poor infrastructural development with the objective of raising the living standards of communities living in such places. In return, the governments anticipate gaining revenue growth from such areas (Greenbaum 75). This concern gives rise to the issue of whether the costs of financing local econ omic development incentives are justified by the resulting benefits. Revenues generated from taxation of communities by local governments fund local economic development incentives. This suggests that the incentives must realize outcomes that correspond with the benefits forgone by the local communities. Consequently, the effectiveness of local economic development incentives for booting development of underdeveloped urban areas constitutes an important issue of public interest. Local communities are interested in acquiring solutions to challenges such as the reduction of crime rates and increased employment levels in underdeveloped urban areas (Anderson and Wassmer ‘Local development incentives’ 109). Local economic development policies can only provide solutions to these challenges if they provide more benefits compared to the cost incurred to generate the solutions. The issue of the effectiveness of local economic development incentives began to attract public intere st as early as 1936 when Mississippi became the first state to develop policies for the provision of incentives for metropolitan city development. Beginning in the 1970s, many states developed similar policies with the intention of fostering redistribution of employment opportunities within states and local government areas of jurisdiction. Such incentives include â€Å"tax exemptions, TIFAs, enterprise zones (EZ), general obligation bonds, and local manufacturing revenue bonds and IBDs† (Bradshaw and Blakely 235). Currently, local governments in the US have the freedom to issue incentives that can foster development of underdeveloped urban areas. For instance, in 2014, the Toowoomba Regional Council has developed policies for providing incentives for industrial development in Toowoomba Township. Policies like the ones developed by Toowoomba regional council are effective in the extent that they result in resolving the challenges of unemployment and other problems within the local areas that have low industrial development in the long-term. The claim here is that mere industrial development without absorption of a large number of unemployed people within Toowoomba is of no significant help to the people of the townships located in the township. It also amounts to deprival of benefits to the residents that could have been acquired if the revenues used to finance the incentives are spent on other issues of community benefit. Subsidization of investments within the townships will attract industrial inventors. However, the local economic development policies are undesired in case such investors come with their own employees even if the local government will get more revenue. To ensure that local economic development policies achieve their desired outcomes, their analysis from the context of cost-benefits analysis in terms of their value to the local communities is important. This suggests that monitoring and evaluation of local economic development policies are incredibly important to ensure their outcome are of benefit to the community that is undergoing opportunity cost when local government revenue is deployed to fund the incentives. In case the results of cost-benefit analysis reveal that certain local economic development incentives may not directly address the problems of people living within local governments’ urban areas, they are unjustified amid the increased collected revenues. Works Cited Anderson, Edwin and Robert Wassmer. Bidding for Business: The Efficacy of Local Economic Development Incentives in a Metropolitan Area. Peter Pauper Press, California, 2000. Print. Anderson, John and Robert Wassmer. Local development incentives in the United States. Kalamazoo, MI: Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2005. Print. Bradshaw, Ted and Edward Blakely. â€Å"What are ‘Third-Wave’ State Economic Development Efforts? From Incentives to Industrial Policy.† Economic Development Quarterly 13.3(1999): 229-244. Print. Greenbaum, Robert. â€Å"Selecting the right site: Where do states locate place-based economic development programs?† National Tax Association Proceedings: Ninety-Third Annual Conference on Taxation 5.2(2006): 74-82. Print. Peters, Alan and Peter Fisher. â€Å"The Failures of Economic Development Incentives.† Journal of the American Planning Association 70.1(2004): 27-37. Print. Rubin, Irene and Herbert Rubin. â€Å"Economic Development Incentives: The Poor (Cities) Pay more.† Urban Affairs Review September 23.3(2007): 37-62. Print. Toowoomba Regional Council. Economic Development Incentives Policies, 2014. Web. This term paper on Local Economic Development Incentives in the US was written and submitted by user Jordan Jefferson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Final Film Critique free essay sample

The movie, The Shawshank Redemption (1994), is based on a character Andy Dufresne. Andy is a young and successful banker who is sent to Shawshank Prison for murdering his wife and her secret lover. His life is changed drastically upon being convicted and being sent to prison. He is sent to prison to serve a life term. Over the 20-years in prison, Andy retains optimism and eventually earns the respect of his fellow inmates. He becomes friends with Red, and they both comfort and empathize with each other while in prison. The story has a strong message of hope, spirit, determination, courage, and desire. Eventually, Andy and Red achieve their own dreams of freedom from isolation, from law, from racism and hate. The film’s storytelling, acting, cinematography, editing, sound, and other critical analysis is fantastic and makes for an outstanding movie. I will explain how all of these cinematic components contribute to one of my all-time favorite movies, and how the poignant message of hope and freedom are conveyed through the storyline. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Film Critique or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Shawshank Redemption is a Stephen King inspired motion picture. It is a production of Castle Rock Pictures and in my opinion is one of the best filmed adapted versions of Stephen King books. The screenplay is written by Frank Darabont based on â€Å"Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption† by Stephen King. The cast of the movie is Tim Robbins (as Andy Dufresne), Morgan Freeman (as Ellis Boyd Redding, aka Red), Bob Gunton (as the crooked warden), William Sadler (as an associate prisoner), Clancy Brown (as a cruel guard), and Gil Bellows (as Tommy Williams). It was directed by Frank Darabont and produced my Niki Marvin. Additionally, the cinematography is by Roger Deakins, and the music is by Thomas Newman. The film provides some interesting narrative elements. The plot is centered on a wrongly convicted man who is sent to the Shawshank prison for life and follows his experiences while in the prison. In the setup (act one), the film is set during the years of 1947-1966. Andy is sent to prison despite claiming his innocence. He has a tough time at first but then eventually starts to meet friends. The film is narrated by Red. Red is a lifelong prisoner of the Shawshank Prison since the age of 19 and is considered a man who can get anything you need. Throughout the film he gets prisoners cigarettes, tools, and food. Eventually, Andy meets Red because he is in need of tool that carves and shapes stones (rock hammer). The two eventually befriend each other. The second act, the conflict during this time Andy has to fight off gay gangs within the prison walls who want to rape him. He does a good job of fighting them off but eventually needs help from the prison guards. Andy befriends the prison guards by doing all of their taxes and in return they provide him with protection. This now leads to the warden wanting the services of Andy to keep the books of the prison â€Å"neat†. Andy realizes that the warden is up to â€Å"shady† business practices and that the warden is using him for his cheap labor. Andy does about 20-year of prison time when a character named Tommy arrives to the prison. Tommy holds the key to Andy’s freedom because he is in knowledge that Andy is actually innocent (based on a story he was told when he roomed with another prisoner). The warden finds this out about Tommy plan to leak the information to the public and Tommy killed because the warden doesn’t want Andy to every leave the prison because of how much money Andy is making the warden for his dishonest business deals. The third act or resolution is that eventually Andy ends up escaping from prison by digging a hole in the wall that must of took about 20-years. Andy sets up the warden to get arrested by the FBI and Andy takes about $370,000 dollars of the warden’s dirty money. In the conclusion of the film, Andy travels to Mexico, where Red eventually is freed from prison and is given a set of instructions on where to meet up with Andy in Mexico. In the film’s final scene the two meet up and are free from their life of isolation, law, hate, and racism. The film has some additional storytelling that I would like to discuss. The Shawshank Redemption is done in chronological order, but there are some parts when the characters flash back to earlier times in their live so you can understand what is happening in the film. This is done so the viewer still has an easy way to follow the movie. The characters of the film face both internal and external conflict. The internal conflict is should I continue this life when I know I am innocent, and the external conflict is from the prison, the prisoners, and the prison staff. The film does contain symbolism. An example of the symbolism is when the warden learns of his fate and his last judgment by reading the morning newspaper of himself and the prison being corrupt. Additionally, symbolism is used with the holy bible the warden reads; when he finds the hammer that Andy uses to dig out of the prison. There is a passage from Exodus that is used to symbolize the warden’s salvation and Andy’s escape. Also, there is a metaphor that I remember and it happens when the librarian (Brooks Hatlen) is freed from jail and he takes his own life. At the same time he hangs himself his bird (Jake) fly’s away and is freed. The metaphor is that the librarian is free of his lifelong nightmare of being told what to do, and so is his bird is flying away representing freedom. The film also has irony and an example of the irony in the movie is that Andy hides his method of escaping or freedom (rock hammer) inside the bible that Warden Norton did not check when he was checking his cell. I feel the characters do help the storyline and the film does address the universal truths of hope. An example of the universal truth of hope is that Andy uses the â€Å"hope† many times in the movie when talking to Red. The acting in this film was outstanding. I mentioned earlier who the actors were and what roles they played, but I didn’t do it in depth about the style of acting that was used. The film is filled with stars like Morgan Freeman and Tim Robbins. I consider both actors character actor. The book describes a character actor as an actor that can fit into many different roles seamlessly (Goodykoontz amp; Jacob, 2011). Morgan Freeman and Tim Robbins can defiantly be described as character actors. Their characters as Andy and Red are way different from any other role they have played. I feel that method acting was used by the actors too. I was so convinced of the acting and that each actor was truly immersed in the role they were trying to portrait; that’s how good the acting was. The director did a great job on casting the actors for each character in the story. The viewer had no difficulty understanding the role of the character and if he fit the part. I believe the movie was up for a lot of Academy Awards and this is a tribute to the acting and directing. The cinematography of The Shawshank Redemption was done again by Roger Deakins and was so good that he was nominated for the 1995 Academy Award for Best Cinematography. I consider the movie a work of art. The film uses many different camera shots to make it work to perfection. The camera is used for long shots, close ups, and medium shots toward the characters which creates a feeling of intimacy so the audience can feel what the character feels. Some of the shots that were used are from wide angles, high angles, eye level close ups, and this all give the viewer many takes on how the prison looked and also the characters. The lightening in the film is very important. Some of the lighting used in the movie is from natural light, or from a lack there of. This gives the character a lot of shadows and makes them seem beaten down from all the years of serving time. Additionally, I believe low-key lighting is used a lot in this film. This style of lighting is based upon high–contrast lighting dominated by deep shadows with a few bright highlights (Goodykoontz amp; Jacob, 2011). This type of lighting contributes to a dehumanizing effect, which is what spending 20-years in prison will do to you. The films editing is done so the story is easy to follow and is arranged in chronological order so it unfolds from the beginning to end. Most of the major types of transitions between shots are direct cuts, which is where one shot instantaneously replace another (Goodykoontz amp; Jacob, 2011). Continuity editing was mainly used in the movie so the movie has the illusion that everything is happening in a continuous time and space. The film also contained a lot of varying shot lengths so the viewer could feel the details of the scene. The duration of the cuts varied so you could feel the emotion of the characters and the shifting dynamic of the scenes. For example, when Andy escapes from the prison; at the beginning of when he escapes there are not many cuts but after he is free there are a lot of cuts when they show the warden and how he feels when the FBI are coming to arrest him. This shows all of the action that is happening with the prison guards and when the warden is about to kill himself. The sound of the film is very present throughout the entirety. The score was composed by Thomas Newman and he was nominated for an Academy award for Best Original Score. A lot of the film was done with sound effect, music, and the narration of Morgan Freeman. The main sound effect or music was done in a dark tone of piano. This gives you the feeling of being locked up and feeling fear of the unknown. Also, the sound effects give you the understanding of what it’s like being in a prison. You hear cells close, people beaten by clubs, yelling by prison guards. At the end of the film Andy plays the opera when he locks himself in the warden’s office. He plays Sull’ Aria so the entire prison can hear it, and the meaning behind it is that all of the prisoners felt like they were at an opera for those 10-minutes; the feeling that they were free. The societal impact of the film was deep. The meaning to me was that there is always hope no matter what happens in your life, and that our court system isn’t always correct. Watching the film mades me escape from real life for the two hours of viewing time, and also wrapped me into the character of the film and their conflicts. There are real life stories that we hear all the time about wrongfully convicted people going to prison and serving many years for something they didn’t do only to be released. This film is a real life image of what is happening in the world. We need to take a closer look at the evidence at hand when arresting someone and we better make sure that we have the correct convicts or we will have more horror stories like this happening. I believe this film falls in a subgenre of crime and dramatic narrative. It fits in crime because of the â€Å"crime of murder† and the consequences of going to prison. The dramatic narrative because of Morgan Freeman’s narrative regarding the drama that is involved in the film. It is not easily categorized because of how the film ends and because of the films theme, which is fear can hold you prisoner and hope can set you free (IMDB 1994). The film’s cinematographer’s Frank Darabont and Roger Deakins have a rich history of making great classical films. I believe they used the formalist and realist approach when making the Shawshank Redemption. These guys were really concerned with the films form. The reason why I say this is because the film focuses on the narrative elements, and has a strong plot structure. The film’s mise en scene, camera technique, editing, and sound were all a big consideration when developing this film and which I highlighted in my essay. They were all done superbly. Regarding the realist approach, the film could be based on reality of what the character Andy and Red, and what the others are feeling. Watching the movie I could feel the relief of Andy being free after he broke out of prison. Additionally, I could feel the anxiety of Red not being freed from prison after his parole hearings. Lastly, I could feel the emotion of not knowing what to do other than to kill himself (Warden Norton) after the FBI was coming to arrest him. I watched this movie about 50 times in my life and it took me a lot of time to understand what the filmmakers were trying to communicate. In conclusion, this is one of my all time favorite movies and one of the best films ever made. The films theme or message of hope, spirit, determination, courage, and desire is truly felt by the viewer and is conveyed through the films cinematography. The films storytelling, acting, editing, sound, genre, and impact on society are all part of why the Shawshank Redemption is such a fantastic cinematic piece. All I have to say, is if you haven’t see it you should, and if you have seen it, I would hope you agree with me.

Napoleon The Russian Conflict Essays - Russia, Free Essays

Napoleon The Russian Conflict Essays - Russia, Free Essays Napoleon "The Russian Conflict" Napoleon was one of the greatest military leaders of all time. By 1812 Napoleon had expanded the territory of France all over Europe including Spain, Italy, Holland, and Switzerland. The countries that Napoleon did not directly control, he was usually allied with. The turning point of Napoleon's career also came in 1812 when war broke out between France and Russia because of Alexander I's refusal to enforce the continental $ Even the French nation could not provide all the manpower and supplies needed to carry out the Emperor's grandiose plan for subduing Russia. Throughout 1811, he worked to mobilize the entire continent against Russia. He not only levied the vassal kingdoms in Spain, Italy, and Germany but also summoned Austria and Prussia to furnish their share of men and goods. Altogether, Napoleon could count on nearly 700,000 men of 20 nationalities of whom more than 600,000 crossed the border. Grown far beyond its original intended size, the army was difficult to assemble and hard to feed. Between Tilsit and Moscow, there lay over 600 miles of hostile barren countryside. Because of lack of supplies and the difficulty to feed the large army, Napoleon's plan was simple: bring about a battle, defeat the Russian army, and dictate a settlement. Apparently neither he nor his soldiers, who cheerfully began crossing the Nieman River, thought beyond the immediate goal. Already 300 miles into Russia, Napoleon had not yet found a way to exploit his advantage. In the Emperor's programming the resources necessary to achieve his objective, he had anticipated fighting a battle within a month after crossing the Nieman. Toward the end of that month Napoleon began to realize that events were disproving the validity of his estimates. Dying horses littered the roads and the advanced guard found little forage as Russians everywhere abandoned their homes. Napoleon knew that he needed to fight. At Smolensk, he set up for a battle and waited but the Russians, afraid of a trap steadily withdrew their troops from Smolensk and continued to retreat deeper into Russia. The only major battle in the Russian campaign proved that something was definitely lacking in Napoleon's judgment. Borodino was a battle of legendary proportions. Before the battle Napoleon proclaimed, "Soldiers, here is the battle you have so long desired!" However, the fight was inconclusive. At its end, Napoleon found himself the possessor, not of a victory, but of a barren hillside and an increasingly compelling commitment to advance further into the east. Well into the battle, the French had almost cracked the left side of the Russian Army. Several French generals had requested that Napoleon would commit the guard infantry into battle. This would create the final blow and insure the Russian defeat. After 14 hours of intense combat, the fighting died out at nightfall, and Mikhail Illarionovich Kutusov, the Russian general, gratefully began to retreat his troops. The guard infantry had remained unused. After the Battle of Borodino, in which losses on both sides totaled ! over 70,000 men, Napoleon had 100,000 effectives remaining, while Kutusov probably had no more than 55,000. Both sides claimed a victory, whereas actually, both sides had lost. While the Russian army filed disconsolately toward Moscow, the Emperor of the French rationalized his indecision at Borodino by contenting himself with the capture of the city. On September 14, Napoleon rode into Moscow at the head of a fraction of the Empire's military strength. Meanwhile, Napoleon's opponent had made a decision that was to shape the remainder of the campaign. Kutusov made up his mind not to fight another battle in defense of Moscow. Kutusov ordered the city's population out into the countryside, released all inmates from the city jails, and destroyed the city firefighting equipment. Napoleon and his army of 100,000 arrived only to find a handful of the original inhabitants and several hundred criminals and lunatics freely roaming and plundering the streets. That night, fires sprang up all over the city. Fire swept through the city for several days and by morning it was apparent that most of the city had been consumed by the flames. Left with no choice, Napoleon sent peace proposals to Alexander, but Alexander refused to even discuss the concept

Discussion 1,2 and 3 for cis classes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 1,2 and 3 for cis classes - Essay Example less fluctuating data rates and connectivity .The disadvantages D.S.L line can have are they are wired connections, though the wireless routers can solve this problem but the range of wireless routers is limited to a few hundred meters. Optic fiber: The advantages of fiber optic access are reliable transmission and even in rough weathers it can ensure transmission, however the drawback with fiber optic communication is the availability of infrastructure and is relatively expensive Other sources include Wi-fi from a remote spot, Wimax, advantages to both are ,they provide fast and on the go connectivity, drawbacks can be ,the air medium since transmission is in the form of waves, distortions are likely to be part of system Wimax is a 4th Generation Telecommunication Technology and is acronym for Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access. It offers number of features and in a way has revolutionized the means of connectivity. Operating in Giga Hertz frequency band, it provides higher data rates, more secure transmissions, less disruptions, it provides data rates as high as 10 Mbps or above ,there are few drawbacks attached to use of Wimax , since all the transmission is based on air waves( unlike D.S.L where optic fiber is used) rough weather can disrupt transmission and can bring about fluctuations .Customer Premises Equipment ( C.P.E) the hardware equipment that is necessary for Wimax connection is slightly expensive .When the source is at a considerable distance from the C.P.E ,loss in quality can be experienced. 3. Explain whether you think professional organizations are embracing Wimax technologies or are reluctant to implement it on a large scale. What is the reasoning for your perspective and what do you feel to be the future outlook on this technology? Large number of organizations and enterprises are fast embracing Wimax as medium for communication and performing daily activities .There are number of reasons to it. The first and foremost is the fast

The analysis of social and environmental sustainability against Essay

The analysis of social and environmental sustainability against financial sustainability - Essay Example This paper is focused on how the social and environmental sustainability differ from the financial sustainability and its impact on the way a company operates. It covers the challenges faced by the corporate firms to resolve the differences and the future implications of the reconciliation. The paper covers the details of the topic of discussion with real life example of corporate firms and it also discusses the theoretical framework in which the models of sustainability are based on. The social and environmental sustainability is to ensure that the society and its environment are not being affected by the business operations of the organizations. In order to achieve social and environmental sustainability, the company needs to make sure that all of its operations are following the required environmental standards and are adding value for the society. According to the reports of Colantonio (2009), there should be equal priority given to the social, environmental and economic sustainability. It has been mentioned that the social sustainability is one of the emerging issues of the contemporary business environment. With the increase in competitiveness in the business market along with the rise in population and decreasing natural resources, it has become imperative for the organizations to deal with certain sociological issues. Widok (2009) have mentioned that apart from the social and environmental sustainability challenges faced by the firms, they also face chall enges on the grounds of reporting on sustainability. It has been mentioned in his studies that reporting on sustainability activities has always been superficial in nature. Even though several organizations report that they conform to the standardized norms of the globally accepted sustainability practices, but the lack of detailed reporting has made them more lenient in its implementation. Moreover,

Medically fraigle Children in Foster Care Research Paper

Medically fraigle Children in Foster Care - Research Paper Example While some technological dependant children that are born with serious medical conditions require extensive specialized services such as bronchio pulmonary dysplasia requires oxygen support and breathing machines. Every year number of children enters into protective custodies like foster homes where they are given not only medical treatment but also love and support. These foster and adoptive homes are survivors for these medically fragile children who meet the needs of these children (RNformation, 2005). Thus in order to properly meet the needs of these children it is advisable that more and more foster and adoption homes should be opened so that their needs can be satisfied. Despite medical intervention services and various other technologies the aggregate number of children who are medically fragile is also increasing. As according to the 1989 finding, it is reported that approximately 10-15 % of the children in United States have chronic health conditions and 1 million of these children face disabling and costly conditions. Furthermore 17000 to 100,000 children are technological dependent (Cernoch, 1992). But there is a growing trend as now there are larger numbers of medically fragile ch ildren who avail the services of foster homes. All over the world this care has risen, as in 2005 there were 625 children in Washoe County’s Foster Care in the month of March but in April and May four children with Type 1 diabetes came into care (RNformation, 2005). Thus there is special need for more and more foster homes because they medically fragile children need these specialized services for their betterment and for their living. To cater to the needs of these medically fragile children intensive foster care, clinical services and other specialized programs should be initiated that would provide treatment services. These children exceptional needs should be well catered through

Analysis Of The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Exporting Marketing Essay

Analysis Of The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Exporting Marketing Essay The ability of a firm to export a proportion of its sales abroad is increasingly regarded as a an important competitive measure of performance at national and as well as regional level (OFarrell et al, 1996).There ability to engage in exporting is purported to be necessary ingredient to ensure the survival and growth of new and small firms. Exporting is usually used as an entry strategy for most firms venturing abroad for the first time. It is the entry strategy most favored by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Many Companies begin their international ventures by exporting mainly because all things being equal, it is the least risky and easiest to recover from in case of things not working out as planned. It is very flexible as compared to other strategies as the exporter can both enter and exit from the market very easily. Some companies internationalize for different reasons, they are either reactive or proactive to the market i.e. firms may react to rivals action to go international and follow suit or perhaps anticipate its competitions move by being the first mover and achieving the first mover advantage. However, there are quite a number of things that a firm should put in to consideration when exporting for the first time internationally. To ensure export, a firm should not overlook the following: Assessment of the global market opportunities: Before exporting goods or services, there are a number of questions a firm must put into consideration. The firm must analyze what kind of business it wants to get into, the products in question and the target market as whether it will accept the products or services being exported. The management of the firm should do a research before selecting the target market. The target market should be attractive and all other aspect like transportation, customs regulations and applicable tariffs and duties. Similarly, of at most importance is the culture of the country which must be evaluated in order to understand the implications to business opportunities and challenges. There must be a great understanding of customer needs and preferences, the competitors, the government regulations and the capabilities of the foreign intermediaries. The economic stability of the country is also an important aspect to the exporter. Organizing for exporting: For an organization to successfully export its products or services, it must learn how to transport its goods internationally, learn all the necessary procedures required at customs offices and all the necessary documentations. The organizations must adhere to all the requirements of the country it is exporting its goods to, failure to which can attract charges and penalties. Acquiring of needed skills and competencies: Hill (2007) is of the view that one way for the first time exporters is to identify the opportunities associated with exporting and to avoid many of the associated pitfalls is to hire an export management company (EMC) who act as the export marketing department or international department for their clients firms. It is important for organizations to acquire the right competencies and skills in order for the organization to survive in the market. The organizations must learn what is required of them to succeed in those markets before moving on to other markets. The more knowledge the organization acquires about the exporting strategies, the more competencies and right skills it gains and a clear picture. Different Export Strategies Available To a Firm There are two major strategies that an organization needs to consider in terms of exporting into another country. Under these two major strategies; The first strategy is called an Autonomous Strategy or sometimes referred to as the go it alone. This strategy involves the organization choosing to go into another country alone. The Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one method that can be used. Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) is the strategy mainly preferred by Multinational National Enterprise and it is an equity or ownership form of foreign market entry in to other countries and the presence is especially critical in performing some activities in the market. This type of strategy is usually by big firms such as Toyota, Nokia etc which have massive FDI based operations around the world. Another strategy is called the collaboration strategy which is concerned with the firm creating an ally with partners either up or down or the same level of the value chain, for example, licensing and franchising. Franchising is a means of marketing goods and services in which the franchiser grants the legal right to use branding, trademarks, products and the method of operation is transferred to a third party the franchisee in return for a franchise fee. Doole and Lowe (2001) International strategic alliances-This involves an exporting firm going into strategic alliances with local firms in the targeted countries. This strategy is categorized into three forms. Non equity strategy alliance that is formed through the contractual agreement to supply, produce or distribute the firms goods or services with equity sharing. This may concern marketing and information sharing e.g. licensing and franchising. An equity strategic alliance is the strategy in which partners own different percentages of equity in a new venture or project or an existing firm. Joint Ventures where two or more firms create a separate co-operation whose stock is shared by partners.Cateora and Graham(2002) define a joint venture as partnership between two or more participating companies that join forces to create a separate legal entity. Joint Ventures are in essence a way of risks of expanding internationally. Acquisition is where an organization develops its resources and competencies by taking over another organisationJohnson and Scholes (2002 p.375).An acquisition can be instantaneous and sometimes less expensive approach to market entry.Keegan and Schlegelmilch (2001). Other strategies that a firm can use are: The use of the Internet by setting up a website to advertise its products and or services to the world. This method has not only become popular due to the cost efficiency but also because of the instant huge volumes it reaches. The internet provides the means to export some types of services, ranging from airline tickets to architectural services. Other facilities on this method include online advertising and catalogues where goods can be, selected, ordered and paid for remotely. This method however may apply to both autonomous and collaborative strategies. Thus, the different types of international strategies represent different degrees of resources, commitments and risks. There are a number of questions managers must put into consideration before selecting an entry strategy in to a new market or country. The questions that need to be considered are such as what are the goals and objectives of the firm, does the firm have enough resources and capabilities to survive in the market especially in a foreign country where the firm may find stiff competition. It is also very important that the firm does its home work and understands its competitors in the market, unique conditions in the targeted country, balancing risk and return, competencies of the firm and characteristics of the product or services that the firm whishes to export. The firm can also decide whether they want to use direct export or indirect exporting. Direct Exporting is the strategy that a firm can use to sale directly to the customers in foreign countries by opening an export sales department which can create opportunities for the firm to establish a closer relationship with the foreign market and the end buyers. The firm can decide to use an export manager who will be charge of its direct export sales overseas to some countries where you can sale directly to the end user. This is common in the Middle East, Central America and in some Asian Countries. Firms wishing to pursue a long term position in a foreign market need to be more proactive in their approach to the market entry by becoming direct involved. Other direct export options are the use of export intermediaries. Indirect Exporting is the other strategy that can be used by firms to export it products and or services. Indirect exporting may seem to be the better option to other businesses through using intermediaries may be a better alternative looking at the complex tasks and risks involved in direct exporting. In this strategy, the firm can decide to use the domestic Intermediaries that can perform market research and develop a marketing strategy on behalf of the firm. Advantages of Exporting: The following are the advantages of exporting as an international entry strategy for a new firm; Increased sales volume resulting in improved market share as well the generation of profit margins that are often more favorable than the domestic market, Increased economies of scale through the reduction of unit cost of manufacturing as the sales volumes rise A diversified customer base thus reducing dependence on home markets. Minimized risk and maximized flexibility compared to other entry strategies as the firm can easily and quickly withdraw from an export market. Lower cost of foreign market entry as the firm does not have to invest in the target market or maintain physical presence especially through the use of agencies or franchises. The firm can therefore test the new market before committing greater resources through foreign direct investment. It helps stabilize fluctuations in sales associated with economic cycles or seasonality of demand e.g. a firm can offset declining demand at home. In a nutshell the low cost , low risk nature of exporting, combined with the ability to leverage on foreign partners makes exporting suitable to a new firm in the international business fraternity. Disadvantages of Exporting: Because exporting does not require the presence of the firm in the country it is exporting its goods or services, the firm usually does not meet with its customers as a result it does not get to learn about the interests of its clients, the competitors and the market. It does not allow the firm to benefit from the location advantages of the host national. The exporting firm has limited opportunities to gain knowledge of local markets and competitors as it does not dwell in the target markets countries, hence posing a business risk. There is serious exchange risks involved as the firm deals in foreign currency due to fluctuations in exchange rates. Without proper hedging, the organization may encounter significant exchange losses depending on the economic situation of the target foreign market and apart from losses, exchange rates may cause the exporters goods being expensive in the target market and therefore lose market share in the host national. The exporting organization is exposed to trade barriers such as import duties/tariffs depending on the area of the host national whom it trades with. The existence of certain regional groupings may affect the exporting firm positively or negatively especially if the firm is from outside the region. Exporting usually involves transporting goods for production companies involved in goods marketing and distribution. This may be a constraint in the smooth distribution and realization of business objectives of economic growth and profit generation. This may also depend on the location of the target market and the socio-economic situation in the host nations as well as infrastructural development. The fact that the exporting firm does not dwell in the host country may result in limitations on the ability to respond quickly to customer demands as there may be no one from the firm on the ground to respond on time. Exporting may create dependence on export intermediaries and therefore may not have the grip. Another disadvantage of exporting is the high transportation costs that can make exporting uneconomical especially if the organization is exporting huge or bulk products. Conclusion: It can be concluded that a critical facilitator of internationalization of markets depends on three components as market drivers that is the presence of similar customer needs and tastes, the presence of global customers e.g. the growing trend in car components companies being internationalized as their customers become internationalized. In accordance to Yip (2003) costs may be reduced by operating internationally through increasing volumes beyond what a national market may support and therefore can give rise to economies of scale both on the production as well as on the purchasing side. Scale economies are particularly important in industries with high product development costs. It also noted that internationalization is promoted were it is possible to take advantage of country specific differences. Other drivers may be due to policy including tariff barriers, subsidies to local firms and license to trade. Therefore among the methods of internationalization, exporting has proved to be more popular in certain types of business operations and largely depends on what stage a particular firm is in the process of internationalization. Mostly this method is used by firms in the initial stages of internationalization especially by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and strategy becomes less popular as firms grow in size. The two main strategies firms use to export is firstly by collaboration , where a firm goes into partnerships with other firms either locally or abroad to complete value chains in the business through joint ventures, licensing, franchising and other strategic alliances. The second strategy is the go it alone or autonomous strategy were a firm going into export through the establishment of its own infrastructure in the target market such as a distribution office, its own employees. Therefore this strategy involves the foreign direct investment (FDI) with a view to establishing a long term commitment in the foreign market involved. However, it is less popular especially for firms going on the international market for the first time. Through analysis of the export strategy, the method has got a lot of disadvantages despite having a lot of advantages and therefore the choice of using for internationalization will depend on various factors such as being an entry strategy, or depending on the economic conditions of a particular region, take advantage of market conditions prevailing at a particular time. This is after taking into account the various factors or drivers such as costs, competition, market condition and local and host government policies.

Synopsis on Customer Relationship Management

G. PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 2012-2013 SYNOPSIS REPORT On A STUDY ON CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT WITH REFERENCE TO M. S. A. MOTORS, KURNOOL Submitted by C. VENKATA NAGA SINDOOR Roll no: 11AT1E0052 Under the guidance of K. NAGAIAH, MBA Assistant Professor. INDEX| 1. | Introduction| | 2. | Objectives of the Study| | 3. | Need for the Study| | 4. | Scope of the Study| | 5. | Research * Source of data * Procedure of sample size| | 6. | Limitation of the Study| | 7. Company details| | Synopsis Approval Letter This is to certify that Mr. C. Venkata Naga Sindoor, Reg. No 11AT1E0052 submitted the synopsis report entitled â€Å"A Study on Customer Relationship Management with reference to M. S. A. Motors, Kurnool in fulfillment for the award of Master of Business Administration to G. Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology is a record of bonafide work carried out by him under my guidance and supervision. Signature of t he Guide Signature of the HOD IntroductionRelationship building with customers is now accepted as over-riding goal of marketing and of the business as a whole. In service industries, the goal is especially emphasized since a repeat customer is believed to cost merely a fraction of what needs to be spent in servicing a new customer is service transaction. It is believed that relationships flourish when marketers play the book, meet customers. core expectations and exceed in respect of other features of their total offering. Service firms have been the pioneers in adopting the practice of Customer Relationship Management practices.Indian banking industry has witnessed rapid development in recent past with the initiation of financial sector reforms. The thrust of financial sector reforms was to improve efficiency, competitiveness and productivity of the financial system. The entry of new generation private sector banks which provided technology aided services like Internet banking, Mob ile banking, Inter Branch network, etc. , has electrified the banking environment in India and has added a new dimensions to automation in Indian banking. Customer Relationship Management is a vital factor to improve the performance of the banks.Most of the banks in India are now turning to CRM as they are increasingly realizing that the cost of acquiring new customers is for higher than the cost of retaining existing customers. This quest has led to the implementation of CRM in banks. The concept of CRM is in the initial stage of implementation in banks, as getting the CRM philosophy work in a bank is quite complex as well as a challenging task for, its implementation is based on certain key principles, namely, ?The banks must realize that all customers are not equal; Customer profitability varies from person to person; ?Not all customers are evenly desirable for the banks; ?The banks must differentiate their customers based on the „Value Criteria; ?Value is the profit that t he customer adds to the bank account; and ?A more profitable customer is a „High Value customer and a less profitable customer is a „Low Value customer. Changing perception of customer The perception of a customer has drastically changed. Peter Drucker said twenty-five years ago, that the purpose of a business wads to attract and retain a customer.There has been a phenomenal change and paradigm shift towards customer focus during the past five decades in the Indian context, ?1961-1970 Servicing the Customer, ?1971-1980 Satisfying the Customer, ?1981-1990 Pleasing the Customer, ?1991-2000 Delighting the Customer, ?2001 and beyond Relating the Customer. Today, the customer relationship between the banker and customer has come under the sharp focus both the customers? ends. 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY * To identify various services offered by MSA motors to consolidate their CRM strategies. To study the customer perception on factors influencing Customer Relationship Manageme nt in MSA motors * To classify the customers opinion on initial strategies, maintenance strategies, technology, service satisfaction and impact of CRM. * To ascertain the perception of show room executives on various aspects of CRM. 3. Need for the study As lifestyles change people begin to have more experiences in banking. There are two consequences of this 1) Customers have different feelings about services provided for them by Show rooms 2)Customers develop higher expectations for their Buying experience. . Scope of the study Scope of this study is it will assist MSA motors to get its own customer relationship management system mirror well and it will get all the important things before eyes to apply all the possible ways to provide a superb service to the customers and accordingly make them loyal and retain them long lasting and also to get new customers to be served. Scopes can be stated in few points as follows * Maintain current/ existing customers. * Achieve new potential cu stomers. * Retain all the customers * Profitability increment Reputation and credibility increment, etc. , 5. Research Methodology Source of the Data: Primary Data 1. Primary data are always original as it is collected by the investigator. 2. Suitability of the primary data will be positive because it has been systematically collected. 3. Primary data are expensive and time consuming. 4. Extra precautions are not required. 5. Primary data are in the shape of raw material. 6. Possibility of personal prejudice. Primary data is collected from interview and questionnaire in this study. Secondary dataSecondary  data, is data collected by someone other than the user. Common sources of secondary data for  social science  include  censuses, organizational records and data collected through qualitative methodologies or  qualitative research. Primary data, by contrast, are collected by the investigator conducting the research. Secondary data analysis saves time that would otherwise be spent collecting data and, particularly in the case of  quantitative data, provides larger and higher-quality  databases  that would be unfeasible for any individual researcher to collect on their own.In addition, analysts of social and economic change consider secondary data essential, since it is impossible to conduct a new survey that can adequately capture past change and or developments. Secondary data is collected from company, newspapers, journals, websites, and from library books. 6. Limitations of the Study * The response from the customer may be biased * Since the sample size is limited, it may lead to the partial true factor about the research. * The information obtained or the collection of data is limited. Due to time constraint the study is restrict to Kurnool onlyCOMPANY DETAILS Maruti Suzuki India Limited (MSIL, formerly known as Maruti Udyog Limited) is a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation, Japan. MSIL has been producing cars in India since 1983. Maruti ’s revenues totaled approximately 73. 3 billion rupees in 2009-2010. It’s operating profit as of 2009-2010 is 75 billion rupees while its net profit comes to 6. 8 billion rupees. The company has two manufacturing facilities located at Gurgaon and Manesar, south of New Delhi, India, which have an annual combined capability to produce over a 12 lakh (12, 00,000) passenger car units.The company is planning to invest 17 billion rupees in the Manesar plant. Maruti is known for its hatchback cars, especially the Maruti 800. Other popular hatchback models include the Maruti Zen and the Alto. It offers fourteen brands and over one hundred and fifty variants – Maruti 800, Omni, Eeco, Alto, Alto-K10, A-star, WagonR, Swift, Ritz and Estilo, Gypsy, SUV Grand Vitara, sedans SX4 and Swift DZire. Maruti Suzuki introduced factory fitted CNG option on 5 models across vehicle segments. These include Eeco, Alto, Estilo, Wagon R and Sx4.Maruti Suzuki has an employee strength over 7 ,600 (as at end March 2010). In 2009-10, the company sold a record 10,18,365 units including 1,47,575 units which we exported primarily to Europe, the remaining 870,790 sold in India. In the third quarter of 2009-2010, the company sold 258, 026 units. Thus, in March 2010, Maruti Suzuki had a India market share of 53. 3 per cent of the Indian passenger car market of 16,33,752 passenger car units. Maruti Suzuki will be investing around Rs. 1,250 crore (Rs 12. 5 billion) on capacity expansion of the K-series engines between 2010 and 2012.The expanded annual capacity will be over 7 lakh units from the present 5 lakh units of K-series engine cars. This will be a progressive investment to be completed by 2012. It has a sales network is 802 centers in 555 towns and cities across India. The customer service support network comprises of 2,740 workshops in over 1,335 towns and cities. In 2008, Maruti Suzuki India Limited, unveiled a National Road Safety Mission under which it would train 500, 000 people in safe driving in 3 years at 61 Maruti Driving Schools and 4 Institutes of Driving Training and Research (IDTR) in Delhi, Dehradun and Vadodara. HISTORYIn 1981, Maruti was launched. The company was started by the Government of India and was initially called Maruti Technical Services Private Limited. The first Managing Director of the company was Sanjay Gandhi, late-Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s son. During the period of 1985 to 1996, a few other significant developments took place including Suzuki taking up 50% stake in Maruti, leading to a 50-50 joint venture between Maruti and the Government of India and over 60 per cent of its parts being produced in India leading to lower costs of production as the parts didn’t have to be imported from abroad.When asked why Suzuki was chosen as the partner of this established corporation, the chairman of Maruti, Mr. R. C Bhargava said that the company went to Japan and none of the companies out of Nissan, Mitsub ishi and Daihatsu were ready to bring 40 per cent equity in India. Suzuki was the only company which agreed to bring 26 per cent equity in India and raise it to 40 per cent thereafter. The first car that the company produced was a four-door Maruti 800 and the second car that the company produced was a Multi-Utility Vehicle called the Omni. Between 1994 and 1996 Maruti released the Esteem, the Gypsy, the Omni, the Gypsy King, Zen and Esteem.It also opened a second plant in Manesar whose capacity at the time of opening was 2,00,000 units. In 2000 Maruti launched a call center. This was the first time a car company had ever launched a call center in India. In this year, Maruti setup a website for its Wagon-R car, introduced a new model of the Zen, got the IRTE National Award for its safety initiative, traffic management and environment protection, launched the Baleno and the Wagon R with electric power steering, joined hands with Sumitomo for providing after-sales service and introduce d the Suzuki Alto. The Gurgaon plant had stopped production due to a strike by the employees.Maruti introduced its first CNG car in 2001. In the same year Maruti invested 550 crore rupees in manufacturing cars. In 2002, Maruti launched Maruti Finance to offer financial services like extended warranty and finance for car insurance. It also hiked its car prices and launched the Versa. This was a good year for Maruti in exports as it produced 16,000 cars for an order to Europe. In the next few years Maruti got into collaboration with various companies to launch car-selling schemes. They partnered with State Bank of India to launch a scheme where each branch of the bank would sell a Maruti car.The company also tied-up with Reliance Industries Limited for lease and fleet management. This was the same year Kumar Mangalam Birla joined Maruti as an independent director. From 2005 – 2007 Maruti became the market leader of Indian cars and in 2006 unveiled the new Wagon-R in Punjab. In 2007, Maruti launched the SX4 sedan. TECHNOLOGY Maruti Suzuki uses an innovative Compressed Natural Gas technology – the Intelligent Gas Port Injection (iGPI) on five of its models – the SX4, Eeco, WagonR, Estilo and Alto. The iGPI technology delivers more power and runs like a petrol-filled engine while achieving fuel-efficiency.The iGPI technology uses injectors for each cylinder and a particular amount of CNG is injection in the engine through gas ports. The Engine Control Unit controls the amount of CNG needed for each ride. Two components used by Maruti in cars such as the Maruti Omni to help increase fuel economy are the crankshaft sensor and knock sensor. They control the ignition timing and fuel injection. The crank shaft is a part of the car’s engine that translates its linear motion into rotation. The sensor is part of the internal combustion engine which monitors the position and rotational speed of the crankshaft.The knock sensor is a part thatâ€⠄¢s linked to the car’s engine-when the car’s engine is not working it knocks on it and usually you hear the knocking sound. The knock sensor will send a signal to the Powercontrol Car Module (PCM). The Maruti Swift has a Direct Diesel Injection System engine. This engine has efficient combustion, higher torque and cleaner emissions. It is an extremely light engine and has a 75 bhp, 190 Nm of torque capacity. It has a five-step multi-injection technology that makes the car run more smoothly than other cars.It also has a Double Over Head Camshaft that gives the engine a quick run. It also has a Chain Drive Timing System. This engine is way better than the Maruti 800 engine which has a Single Over Head Camshaft and only two valves per cylinder while the Swift has sixteen-valve cylinder. The Maruti Suzuki SX4 has a Variable Valve Timing engine. According to the company, they will use K-Series engines in all car models. India’s largest car manufacturer Maruti Suzuki decided to implement the K-series petrol engine in all the models for at least five years according to a company report.The K-Series engine is a straight four cylinder engine that comes in Single Overhead Camshaft and Double Overhead Camshaft variants. This engine will be made in the Maruti Manesar plant in Haryana for the A-Star car which is produced in India and sold in Europe. The K-Series engine is Euro 4 and Euro 5 compliant and is the most advanced of engines. The engine has a CO2 emission of 109 gm/km and plans to reduce it further. The engine is extremely fuel efficient. ————————————————- Awards & RecognitionAs one of the top Indian brands of cars, Maruti Suzuki has won many national and international awards since it began production. Some of the major accomplishments of Maruti are listed below: 1. Maruti Suzuki Alto received the TNS Voice of Customer Award in 200 8. TNS Global is a market research firm. In the same year Maruti received the CNBC-Autocar India Award in the category Best Value for Money Car for the SX4. It also received the CNBC-Autocar India Best Mid Size Car Award and the CNBC-Autocar India Car of the Viewers’ Choice Award for the SX4.Maruti Suzuki India Limited received The Car Manufacturer of the Year Award in 2008. 2. In 2009, Maruti won the JD Power Asia Pacific Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) Survey award, the JD Power Asia Pacific Sales Satisfaction Index (SSI) Survey award, the Most Preferred Car Brand Award at CNBC AWAAZ Consumer Award, the Golden Peacock Eco-Innovation Award, and the Gold-Award by India Manufacturing Excellence Awards (IMEA). 3. In 2010, Maruti won the CNBC-TV18 Overdrive Manufacturer of the Year Award and the Autocar Manufacturer of the Year Award. 4.Alto’s â€Å"Boondon Mein† campaign won the Silver medal of the prestigious â€Å"Effie Award† in 2006 and 2007. 5. Alto won the â€Å"Car of the Year† and â€Å"Most Exciting New Car of the Year† by India’s automobile magazine in 2000. Some of the international awards that Maruti has won include the following: 1. Japan – It won the Car of the Year award by the Automotive Researchers' ; Journalists' Conference, the 2005-2006 Car of the Year, the Goof Design Award by Japan Industrial Design Promotion Organization and the 2005-2006 Carview of the Year Award. 2.Iceland & Ireland – Maruti Suzuki won the Car of the Year 2006 given out by the BIBD Association of Automotive Journalists, the Samperit Irish Car of the Year 2006 given out by the Irish Motoring Writer’s Association. 3. New Zealand and Australia – Maruti won the Fairfax AMI Small Car of the Year Award by Autocar, the National Business Review Small Car of the Year Award by The National Business Review and the 2005 Carsguide Car of the Year. 4. Malaysia – Maruti Swift was the winner in the NST Mastercard Car of the Year 2005 â€Å"Small Car† category. 5.China – Maruti Swift won the 2005 CTV COTY â€Å"Economical Car† by CCTV. ————————————————- International Operations Maruti Suzuki is a global company with over 8,500 employees engaged in sales, customer service, manufacturing, and distribution in many countries across the world. It is partly owned by the government of India and partly owned by the Japanese company, Suzuki Motor Corporation. Suzuki Motor Corporation, the parent company owns 54% of Maruti’s shares. Maruti’s cars are of European style but custom-made to cater to the local markets.Maruti Suzuki has launched the Grand Vitara, SX4 and the Swift as part of the worldwide strategy. Maruti Suzuki not only provides hatchbacks, mid and small level cars but also luxury cars. Maruti Suzuki has also launched another concept car called Kizashi which was showcased in the Frankfurt Motor Show and is now available in India. The Grand Vitara, which is an SUV and Kizashi, which is a sports sedan are imported from Japan as completely built units(CBU). Maruti Suzuki is sold in China by Jiangnan Auto. The company has launched the car at Rs. 1. 24 lakhs.Four companies that produced the Maruti 800 in China are: Chang’an Auto, Jiang Nan, Xi’an Tai and Sichuan Auto Maruti Suzuki also has office in Japan. Indian engineers sometimes travel to Japan to work on Maruti cars and Japanese engineers sometimes travel to India to provide their expertise for Maruti Suzuki. ————————————————- Exports Maruti Suzuki exports entry-level models across the globe to over 100 countries and the focus has been on identifying new markets. The company exports to the United Kingdom, Italy, Hungary, Netherlands, Germ any, Latin America, Africa, Philippines and Indonesia.Along with these countries, Maruti also sells its cars to Algeria, Chile, Sri Lanka and Nepal. The company exported 38,000 passenger cars in 2006-2007, around 6. 4 per cent of its total sales. The car that contributes most to Maruti’s export income is the A-Star model. In 2007, Maruti got an export order of 11,000 units of the Zen Estilo to Indonesia and 1,500 units of the Maruti Alto to the Philippines, become the initial car manufacturer to export to South East Asia. Maruti crossed the cumulative half-a-million export mark in February 2008, becoming the first Indian car company to export half-a-million units.Maruti has tied up with the Mundra post for development of port facilities for export shipments through Pune Car Carriers. Maruti started exporting cars from this post in January 2009. Moving to international markets, Maruti has large export volumes to Latin America and the lesser-developed region of Africa. Marutiâ €™s exports have increased by 60% over the years at these two locations. In 2008, in a joint venture between Maruti Suzuki, Mundra Port and the Special Economic Zone, the company exported 1,00,000 units of the A-Star from the Mundra Port.Even though the company exports to all five continents, Europe makes up 56 per cent of Maruti’s cumulative exports as of February 2011, making it the single largest source of export income for the company. The sales figures for the continent of Europe as of February 2011, by country are given below: – Netherlands – 67,700 units – Italy – 41,000 units – United Kingdom – 34,000 units – Germany – 20,000 units – Hungary – 20,000 units ————————————————- Future Plans On May 11, 2011, Maruti announced its plans to design new car models at its Rohtak Plant in India.Th e new car models will be crafted for the next four years for the Indian and International Market. Maruti is experimenting with new car models in an effort to stay ahead of its competition and will be responsible for 25 per cent of Suzuki, its parent company’s, revenues. In the financial year 2010-2011 Maruti Suzuki reported a net sales figure of 37,522 crore rupees. Maruti will invest in a new plant in Gujarat which will produce 6 million units a year which is being done in an effort to make the company the leader in the car market. The company is having a look at different plants as shown by the Government of India.In another effort, Maruti will introduce four new cars in the Indian market: The mass-market hatchback, a utility vehicle, a new and improved Swift, and a unique SX4. The company plans to release the design of the YE3, the hatchback by June-July 2011 while the car will actually be shown in the Auto Expo 2012. The company plans to design the YE3 without any involve ment of Suzuki which is a major feat since most of its cars have been designed in collaboration with Suzuki in the past. The YE3 will be a four-door, four seat hatchback and will be available in a 600-800cc engine and a five speed manual transmission.The company also plans to launch the Maruti R3 under a different name. The Maruti R3 is a Multi-Utility Vehicle that will come in a Rs. 7 lakhs – Rs. 9 lakhs ex-showroom price and is a six-seater compact van strapped with three rows of seats and rear-hinged rear doors. The car will come in both 1. 2 litre K-Series engines and a 1. 6 litre Variable Valve Timing engine, each of which have been present in the popular models of Swift and SX4. The R3 will compare to an Innova. The company plans to sell it in emerging markets. It will be showcased in the Auto Expo 2012.The company plans to get a diesel engine for the car from Volkswagen. The third new model of Maruti, the new Swift will be launched by July 2011 will a 1. 3 litre multi- jet diesel engine and a 1. 2 litre K-Series engine. The new Swift fall in the Rs. 3. 5 – 5. 5 lakhs bracket depending on the model and approximately 17,000 units will be produced each year. Along with coming up with new cars and new plants, Maruti is also expanding its transportation capacity. The company has forged partnerships for this with the Adani group to set up a mega car terminal at the Mundra port.